Question 1
Regular
The nurse is caring for a patient who was hospitalized with pneumonia 2 days ago, now displaying disorientation and confusion. Which of the following information indicates that the patient is experiencing delirium rather than dementia?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: A
Rationale
The patient was oriented and alert when admitted. This indicates a sudden change in mental status, characteristic of delirium, as opposed to the gradual decline seen in dementia.
B: The patient's speech is fragmented and incoherent. While this can occur in delirium, it is not a definitive indicator distinguishing it from dementia, where speech may also be affected.
C: The patient is disoriented to place and time but oriented to person. This pattern often aligns with both conditions, failing to highlight the acute nature of delirium compared to more stable dementia symptoms.
D: The patient has a history of increasing confusion over several years. This gradual decline is typical of dementia, contrasting sharply with the acute onset of confusion associated with delirium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient was oriented and alert when admitted. This indicates a sudden change in mental status, characteristic of delirium, as opposed to the gradual decline seen in dementia.
B: The patient's speech is fragmented and incoherent. While this can occur in delirium, it is not a definitive indicator distinguishing it from dementia, where speech may also be affected.
C: The patient is disoriented to place and time but oriented to person. This pattern often aligns with both conditions, failing to highlight the acute nature of delirium compared to more stable dementia symptoms.
D: The patient has a history of increasing confusion over several years. This gradual decline is typical of dementia, contrasting sharply with the acute onset of confusion associated with delirium.
Question 2
Regular
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a hospitalized patient with moderate dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: B
Rationale
Reminding the patient frequently about being in the hospital helps to orient them, reduce confusion, and provide reassurance, which is crucial for individuals with moderate dementia to maintain a sense of security.
A: Provide complete personal hygiene care for the patient. This approach can diminish the patient’s sense of independence and dignity, which is essential for their emotional well-being.
C: Reposition the patient frequently to avoid skin breakdown. While important for physical health, this intervention does not directly address the cognitive challenges faced by a patient with moderate dementia.
D: Place suction at the bedside to decrease the risk for aspiration. This measure may be unnecessary if the patient does not exhibit swallowing difficulties, which could lead to over-medicalizing their care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reminding the patient frequently about being in the hospital helps to orient them, reduce confusion, and provide reassurance, which is crucial for individuals with moderate dementia to maintain a sense of security.
A: Provide complete personal hygiene care for the patient. This approach can diminish the patient’s sense of independence and dignity, which is essential for their emotional well-being.
C: Reposition the patient frequently to avoid skin breakdown. While important for physical health, this intervention does not directly address the cognitive challenges faced by a patient with moderate dementia.
D: Place suction at the bedside to decrease the risk for aspiration. This measure may be unnecessary if the patient does not exhibit swallowing difficulties, which could lead to over-medicalizing their care.
Question 3
Regular
The nurse is caring for a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Which of the following complications is the patient most at risk for developing related to DLB?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: B
Rationale
Pneumonia
Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies are particularly vulnerable to pneumonia due to impaired swallowing and reduced mobility, which can lead to aspiration and respiratory complications. Additionally, cognitive decline contributes to difficulties in recognizing and responding to early symptoms of infection, increasing the risk for pneumonia development in these patients.
A: Stroke Patients with DLB are not specifically predisposed to strokes as a primary complication; their risk factors differ significantly from those associated with vascular conditions.
C: Myocardial infarction The risk of myocardial infarction in DLB patients is not as pronounced as complications arising from impaired respiratory function, making this option less relevant in this context.
D: Urinary tract infection While urinary tract infections can occur, they are not uniquely heightened in DLB compared to other forms of dementia, making this option less likely in this scenario.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumonia
Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies are particularly vulnerable to pneumonia due to impaired swallowing and reduced mobility, which can lead to aspiration and respiratory complications. Additionally, cognitive decline contributes to difficulties in recognizing and responding to early symptoms of infection, increasing the risk for pneumonia development in these patients.
A: Stroke Patients with DLB are not specifically predisposed to strokes as a primary complication; their risk factors differ significantly from those associated with vascular conditions.
C: Myocardial infarction The risk of myocardial infarction in DLB patients is not as pronounced as complications arising from impaired respiratory function, making this option less relevant in this context.
D: Urinary tract infection While urinary tract infections can occur, they are not uniquely heightened in DLB compared to other forms of dementia, making this option less likely in this scenario.
Question 4
Regular
Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse to implement to protect a patient from injury during an episode of delirium?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: D
Rationale
D: Assign a nursing assistant to stay with the patient to offer frequent reorientation. This action provides continuous supervision and support, helping the patient remain oriented and reducing the risk of injury during delirium episodes.
A: Secure the patient in bed using a soft chest restraint. Restraining patients can lead to feelings of panic and increased agitation, potentially worsening their condition and increasing the likelihood of injury.
B: Ask the health care provider about ordering an antipsychotic drug. While medication might be considered, it does not address immediate safety needs and can carry significant side effects for the patient.
C: Instruct family members to remain with the patient to prevent injury. Family presence may help, but they may lack the training for effective reorientation and continuous monitoring, limiting their effectiveness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D: Assign a nursing assistant to stay with the patient to offer frequent reorientation. This action provides continuous supervision and support, helping the patient remain oriented and reducing the risk of injury during delirium episodes.
A: Secure the patient in bed using a soft chest restraint. Restraining patients can lead to feelings of panic and increased agitation, potentially worsening their condition and increasing the likelihood of injury.
B: Ask the health care provider about ordering an antipsychotic drug. While medication might be considered, it does not address immediate safety needs and can carry significant side effects for the patient.
C: Instruct family members to remain with the patient to prevent injury. Family presence may help, but they may lack the training for effective reorientation and continuous monitoring, limiting their effectiveness.
Question 5
Regular
Which of the following actions should the nurse in the outpatient clinic include in the plan of care for a patient with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: B
Rationale
Scheduling the patient for annual appointments is essential for monitoring cognitive function and overall health. Regular check-ups can help identify any changes in the patient's condition and adjust care plans accordingly.
A: Suggest a move into an assisted-living facility. This action may be premature and unnecessary, as mild cognitive impairment does not typically require such significant changes to living arrangements at this stage.
C: Ask family members to supervise the patient's daily activities. While support is important, relying solely on family supervision may not empower the patient to maintain independence and engage actively in their care.
D: Discuss the preventive use of acetylcholinesterase medications. These medications are generally intended for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, not for mild cognitive impairment, where other interventions are more appropriate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scheduling the patient for annual appointments is essential for monitoring cognitive function and overall health. Regular check-ups can help identify any changes in the patient's condition and adjust care plans accordingly.
A: Suggest a move into an assisted-living facility. This action may be premature and unnecessary, as mild cognitive impairment does not typically require such significant changes to living arrangements at this stage.
C: Ask family members to supervise the patient's daily activities. While support is important, relying solely on family supervision may not empower the patient to maintain independence and engage actively in their care.
D: Discuss the preventive use of acetylcholinesterase medications. These medications are generally intended for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, not for mild cognitive impairment, where other interventions are more appropriate.
Question 6
Regular
The nurse is administering a mental status examination to a patient. Which of the following patient responses should lead the nurse to suspect possible depression?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: A
Rationale
I don't know. This response indicates uncertainty and lack of engagement, which can be symptomatic of depression, reflecting a possible cognitive impairment or emotional withdrawal that warrants further assessment by the nurse.
B: Is that the right answer? This question suggests an attempt to engage and seek validation, indicating the patient’s willingness to communicate rather than exhibiting signs of depressive symptoms.
C: Wait, let me think about that. This response shows the patient is processing information and demonstrates cognitive activity, implying a functioning mental state rather than the lethargy associated with depression.
D: Who are those people over there? This response indicates curiosity and awareness of the surroundings, suggesting the patient is attentive and engaged, which contradicts the typical affect of someone suffering from depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: I don't know. This response indicates uncertainty and lack of engagement, which can be symptomatic of depression, reflecting a possible cognitive impairment or emotional withdrawal that warrants further assessment by the nurse.
B: Is that the right answer? This question suggests an attempt to engage and seek validation, indicating the patient’s willingness to communicate rather than exhibiting signs of depressive symptoms.
C: Wait, let me think about that. This response shows the patient is processing information and demonstrates cognitive activity, implying a functioning mental state rather than the lethargy associated with depression.
D: Who are those people over there? This response indicates curiosity and awareness of the surroundings, suggesting the patient is attentive and engaged, which contradicts the typical affect of someone suffering from depression.
Question 7
Regular
The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with middle (moderate) dementia as a result of multiple strokes. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: D
Rationale
Loss of both recent and remote memory. In moderate dementia, particularly after multiple strokes, patients typically exhibit significant memory impairment, affecting both new information and memories from the past. This aligns with the expected cognitive decline.
A: Excessive nighttime sleepiness. While sleep disturbances can occur in dementia, excessive nighttime sleepiness is not a characteristic finding associated with moderate dementia specifically resulting from strokes.
B: Difficulty eating and swallowing. Although some dementia patients may experience these issues, they are more common in advanced stages or specific types of dementia, not typically in moderate dementia.
C: Variable ability to perform simple tasks. While task performance may fluctuate, the hallmark of moderate dementia is a more consistent decline in cognitive function rather than variability in executing simple tasks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of both recent and remote memory. In moderate dementia, particularly after multiple strokes, patients typically exhibit significant memory impairment, affecting both new information and memories from the past. This aligns with the expected cognitive decline.
A: Excessive nighttime sleepiness. While sleep disturbances can occur in dementia, excessive nighttime sleepiness is not a characteristic finding associated with moderate dementia specifically resulting from strokes.
B: Difficulty eating and swallowing. Although some dementia patients may experience these issues, they are more common in advanced stages or specific types of dementia, not typically in moderate dementia.
C: Variable ability to perform simple tasks. While task performance may fluctuate, the hallmark of moderate dementia is a more consistent decline in cognitive function rather than variability in executing simple tasks.
Question 8
Regular
To determine whether a new patient's confusion is caused by dementia or delirium, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: D
Rationale
To use the Confusion Assessment Method tool to assess the patient is crucial for distinguishing between dementia and delirium. This tool specifically evaluates the acute onset and fluctuating course associated with delirium, making it the most appropriate choice for accurate diagnosis in a clinical setting.
A: Assess the patient using the Mini-Mental Status Exam. While this exam can evaluate cognitive function, it lacks specificity in differentiating between dementia and delirium, limiting its diagnostic utility.
B: Obtain a list of the medications that the patient usually takes. Gathering a medication history may provide insights into potential causes of confusion but does not directly assess the nature of the confusion itself.
C: Determine whether there is positive family history of dementia. Family history can indicate predisposition to dementia but does not address the immediate assessment needed to differentiate between dementia and delirium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To use the Confusion Assessment Method tool to assess the patient is crucial for distinguishing between dementia and delirium. This tool specifically evaluates the acute onset and fluctuating course associated with delirium, making it the most appropriate choice for accurate diagnosis in a clinical setting.
A: Assess the patient using the Mini-Mental Status Exam. While this exam can evaluate cognitive function, it lacks specificity in differentiating between dementia and delirium, limiting its diagnostic utility.
B: Obtain a list of the medications that the patient usually takes. Gathering a medication history may provide insights into potential causes of confusion but does not directly assess the nature of the confusion itself.
C: Determine whether there is positive family history of dementia. Family history can indicate predisposition to dementia but does not address the immediate assessment needed to differentiate between dementia and delirium.
Question 9
Regular
The nurse is caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease. A family member asks the nurse which of the patient's medication is to treat the decreased memory and cognition. Which of the following medications is used to treat this problem associated with Alzheimer's disease?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: C
Rationale
C: Rivastigmine is the medication used to treat decreased memory and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for memory and learning.
A: Sertraline is an antidepressant that targets mood disorders rather than cognitive decline. It does not address the specific memory impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease.
B: Citalopram, primarily an antidepressant, focuses on alleviating depressive symptoms. While it may improve mood, it does not enhance memory or cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.
D: Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication aimed at managing behavioral symptoms such as agitation and aggression. It does not have a direct effect on cognitive decline or memory problems related to Alzheimer's.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C: Rivastigmine is the medication used to treat decreased memory and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for memory and learning.
A: Sertraline is an antidepressant that targets mood disorders rather than cognitive decline. It does not address the specific memory impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease.
B: Citalopram, primarily an antidepressant, focuses on alleviating depressive symptoms. While it may improve mood, it does not enhance memory or cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.
D: Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication aimed at managing behavioral symptoms such as agitation and aggression. It does not have a direct effect on cognitive decline or memory problems related to Alzheimer's.
Question 10
Regular
The nurse is teaching the children of a patient who is being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease (AD) about the disorder. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: C
Rationale
A: The most important risk factor for AD is a family history of the disorder. While family history is a significant factor, it is not the sole determinant of Alzheimer's disease development.
B: New drugs have been shown to reverse AD dramatically in some patients. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management rather than reversal, making this statement misleading regarding the nature of AD therapy.
D: The presence of brain atrophy detected by MRI confirms the diagnosis of AD in patients with dementia. Brain atrophy can indicate various conditions and does not serve as a definitive diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A: The most important risk factor for AD is a family history of the disorder. While family history is a significant factor, it is not the sole determinant of Alzheimer's disease development.
B: New drugs have been shown to reverse AD dramatically in some patients. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management rather than reversal, making this statement misleading regarding the nature of AD therapy.
D: The presence of brain atrophy detected by MRI confirms the diagnosis of AD in patients with dementia. Brain atrophy can indicate various conditions and does not serve as a definitive diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.
Question 11
Regular
The nurse is caring for a patient with mild dementia who has a new prescription for donepezil. Which of the following nursing actions is most effective in ensuring adherence to the medication plan?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: A
Rationale
Having the patient's partner administer the medication is the most effective nursing action for ensuring adherence to the medication plan. This approach promotes accountability and support, facilitating consistent medication administration while considering the patient's cognitive limitations associated with mild dementia.
B: Setting the medications up weekly in a medication box may still lead to missed doses due to the patient's potential confusion or forgetfulness, making it less reliable for adherence.
C: Calling the patient daily with a reminder to take the medication relies on the patient's ability to remember to respond, which may not be effective given their cognitive challenges.
D: Posting reminders to take the medications in the patient's house lacks direct engagement, and the patient may overlook these notes, diminishing the likelihood of adhering to the medication regimen.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Having the patient's partner administer the medication is the most effective nursing action for ensuring adherence to the medication plan. This approach promotes accountability and support, facilitating consistent medication administration while considering the patient's cognitive limitations associated with mild dementia.
B: Setting the medications up weekly in a medication box may still lead to missed doses due to the patient's potential confusion or forgetfulness, making it less reliable for adherence.
C: Calling the patient daily with a reminder to take the medication relies on the patient's ability to remember to respond, which may not be effective given their cognitive challenges.
D: Posting reminders to take the medications in the patient's house lacks direct engagement, and the patient may overlook these notes, diminishing the likelihood of adhering to the medication regimen.
Question 12
Regular
Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who has late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: B
Rationale
B: Maintain a consistent staff member for the patient's care. Consistency in caregivers helps foster trust and security in patients with late-stage Alzheimer's disease, reducing anxiety and confusion during their daily routines.
A: Encourage the patient to discuss events from the past. Engaging in past recollections may not be beneficial, as cognitive decline can hinder meaningful conversations about prior experiences.
C: Reorient the patient to the date and time every 2-3 hours. Frequent reorientation may lead to frustration and increased distress, rather than providing comfort or understanding in late-stage Alzheimer's patients.
D: Provide the patient with current newspapers and magazines. Accessing contemporary reading materials can overwhelm patients with late-stage Alzheimer's, as they may struggle to comprehend or relate to the information presented.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B: Maintain a consistent staff member for the patient's care. Consistency in caregivers helps foster trust and security in patients with late-stage Alzheimer's disease, reducing anxiety and confusion during their daily routines.
A: Encourage the patient to discuss events from the past. Engaging in past recollections may not be beneficial, as cognitive decline can hinder meaningful conversations about prior experiences.
C: Reorient the patient to the date and time every 2-3 hours. Frequent reorientation may lead to frustration and increased distress, rather than providing comfort or understanding in late-stage Alzheimer's patients.
D: Provide the patient with current newspapers and magazines. Accessing contemporary reading materials can overwhelm patients with late-stage Alzheimer's, as they may struggle to comprehend or relate to the information presented.
Question 13
Regular
The nurse is assessing a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who is being admitted to a long-term care facility and the nurse learns that the patient has had several episodes of wandering from home. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: A
Rationale
Place the patient in a room close to the nurses' station. This action enhances supervision, ensuring that staff can promptly respond to any wandering incidents, thereby promoting safety and reducing the risk of elopement for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
B: Ask the patient why the wandering episodes have occurred. Patients with Alzheimer's often struggle with memory and communication, making it unlikely they can provide meaningful insights about their wandering behavior.
C: Have the family bring in familiar items from the patient's home. While familiar items can provide comfort, they do not directly address the immediate safety concerns related to wandering.
D: Reorient the patient to the new living situation several times daily. Frequent reorientation may overwhelm or confuse the patient further, rather than effectively preventing wandering behavior or enhancing their adjustment to the new environment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Place the patient in a room close to the nurses' station. This action enhances supervision, ensuring that staff can promptly respond to any wandering incidents, thereby promoting safety and reducing the risk of elopement for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
B: Ask the patient why the wandering episodes have occurred. Patients with Alzheimer's often struggle with memory and communication, making it unlikely they can provide meaningful insights about their wandering behavior.
C: Have the family bring in familiar items from the patient's home. While familiar items can provide comfort, they do not directly address the immediate safety concerns related to wandering.
D: Reorient the patient to the new living situation several times daily. Frequent reorientation may overwhelm or confuse the patient further, rather than effectively preventing wandering behavior or enhancing their adjustment to the new environment.
Question 14
Regular
During the morning change-of-shift report at the long-term care facility, the nurse learns that the patient with dementia has had sundowning. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse take while caring for the patient?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: C
Rationale
Provide hourly orientation to time of day. Keeping the blinds open during daytime hours allows natural light to support the patient's circadian rhythm, reducing confusion during evening hours associated with sundowning.
A: Provide hourly orientation to time of day. While orientation can be beneficial, it may not address the specific environmental factors that contribute to sundowning, such as inadequate light exposure.
B: Move the patient to a quieter room at night. Although a quieter environment is helpful, it does not resolve the lack of natural light during the day, which is crucial for managing sundowning.
D: Have the patient take a brief mid-morning nap. Napping may disrupt nighttime sleep patterns, potentially worsening sundowning symptoms, rather than providing the necessary exposure to daylight.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Provide hourly orientation to time of day. Keeping the blinds open during daytime hours allows natural light to support the patient's circadian rhythm, reducing confusion during evening hours associated with sundowning.
A: Provide hourly orientation to time of day. While orientation can be beneficial, it may not address the specific environmental factors that contribute to sundowning, such as inadequate light exposure.
B: Move the patient to a quieter room at night. Although a quieter environment is helpful, it does not resolve the lack of natural light during the day, which is crucial for managing sundowning.
D: Have the patient take a brief mid-morning nap. Napping may disrupt nighttime sleep patterns, potentially worsening sundowning symptoms, rather than providing the necessary exposure to daylight.
Question 15
Regular
The nurse is caring for a long-term care patient with moderate dementia who develops increased restlessness and agitation. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement initially?
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: C
Rationale
Assess for factors that might be causing discomfort. Understanding the root cause of increased restlessness and agitation is essential in providing appropriate care and ensuring the patient's comfort in a dementia setting.
A: Reorient the patient to time, place, and person. While reorientation can be beneficial, it may not address the immediate discomfort causing the agitation and restlessness.
B: Administer the PRN dose of lorazepam. Medications should not be the first response; identifying and addressing underlying issues is crucial for effective intervention in dementia patients.
D: Have a nursing assistant stay with the patient to ensure safety. While ensuring safety is important, merely assigning supervision does not resolve the agitation or discomfort being experienced.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assess for factors that might be causing discomfort. Understanding the root cause of increased restlessness and agitation is essential in providing appropriate care and ensuring the patient's comfort in a dementia setting.
A: Reorient the patient to time, place, and person. While reorientation can be beneficial, it may not address the immediate discomfort causing the agitation and restlessness.
B: Administer the PRN dose of lorazepam. Medications should not be the first response; identifying and addressing underlying issues is crucial for effective intervention in dementia patients.
D: Have a nursing assistant stay with the patient to ensure safety. While ensuring safety is important, merely assigning supervision does not resolve the agitation or discomfort being experienced.
Question 16
Multiple Choice
The partner of a patient with early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) tells the nurse, 'I am just exhausted from the constant worry. I don't know what to do.' Which of the following actions is best for the nurse to take next? (Select all that apply.)
Correct!
Incorrect
The correct answer is: B,D,E
Rationale
Offering ideas for ways to distract or redirect the patient, educating the partner about the availability of adult day care as a respite, and asking about considered dementia care options are the best actions. These approaches provide immediate support, facilitate coping strategies, and encourage communication, helping to alleviate the partner's exhaustion and anxiety.
A: Suggest that a long-term care facility be considered. Jumping to suggest a long-term care facility may not address the immediate emotional needs of the partner, leaving them feeling unsupported.
C: Suggest that the partner consult with the physician for antianxiety drugs. Recommending medication overlooks non-pharmacological strategies that could provide immediate relief and support to the partner's emotional well-being.
E: Ask the partner what has been considered about dementia care options. This option encourages dialogue and exploration of available resources, fostering a sense of control and empowerment for the partner.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Offering ideas for ways to distract or redirect the patient, educating the partner about the availability of adult day care as a respite, and asking about considered dementia care options are the best actions. These approaches provide immediate support, facilitate coping strategies, and encourage communication, helping to alleviate the partner's exhaustion and anxiety.
A: Suggest that a long-term care facility be considered. Jumping to suggest a long-term care facility may not address the immediate emotional needs of the partner, leaving them feeling unsupported.
C: Suggest that the partner consult with the physician for antianxiety drugs. Recommending medication overlooks non-pharmacological strategies that could provide immediate relief and support to the partner's emotional well-being.
E: Ask the partner what has been considered about dementia care options. This option encourages dialogue and exploration of available resources, fostering a sense of control and empowerment for the partner.
Quiz Complete!
Nursing Management: Delirium, Alzheimer?s Disease, and Other Dementias
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